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convergence insufficiency may exacerbate these difficulties. Orthoptics provides a framework to assess these visual components and identify whether they contribute to the struggles faced by dyslexic children. Non-dyslexic children, in contrast, often demonstrate typical reading skills and minimal visual processing issues. This dichotomy between dyslexic and non- dyslexic children offers a fascinating lens for understanding how orthoptic evaluations can uncover hidden challenges in learning. KEY COMPONENTS OF AN ORTHOPTIC EVALUATION Orthoptic evaluations assess various aspects of visual function critical to effective reading and learning. Key components include: • Binocular Vision Assessment Binocular vision, the ability of both eyes to work together, may experience double vision, eye strain, or headaches, which can mimic or worsen dyslexic symptoms. • Eye Movement Control Saccades (rapid eye movements) and pursuits (smooth tracking) are essential for reading fluency. Dyslexic children often show difficulties with saccadic accuracy, leading to skipped words or lines during reading. • Visual Perception Tests Visual perception refers to how the brain interprets visual information. Tests for visual discrimination, memory, and spatial awareness help identify any processing delays that may hinder reading development. • Stereoacuity and Depth Perception Evaluating depth perception helps rule out issues in stereopsis, which can affect spatial awareness and coordination. DYSLEXIC VS. NON- DYSLEXIC VISUAL PROFILES Dyslexic Children: Research indicates that dyslexic children are more likely to exhibit subtle visual challenges compared to their non-dyslexic peers. These include: • Poor Saccadic Control: Dyslexic children often display irregular or is crucial for depth perception and visual tracking. Tests like the cover-uncover test and prism fusion ranges are used to identify any misalignment or coordination issues. • Accommodation and Convergence Accommodation (focusing ability) and convergence (eyes turning inward) are assessed to ensure the child can sustain near-vision tasks such as reading. Children with convergence insufficiency DYSLEXIA IMPACTS APPROXIMATELY 10-15% OF CHILDREN GLOBALLY, AFFECTING THEIR READING, WRITING, AND COMPREHENSION ABILITIES 45 VISION PLUS INDIA EDITION