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FOR OVER A century, the Tonka bean has enchanted perfumers with its rich, sensual, and multi-layered scent. Native to South America, particularly Brazil and Venezuela, this exotic ingredient is now a staple in fragrance compositions. It is highly valued for its complex aroma, which balances sweet, almond-like, and gourmand facets, creating an irresistible warmth. In perfumery, the Tonka bean is celebrated for its versatility. It adds depth and richness to fragrances, often used in the base notes to provide a warm, comforting finish. Whether blended into oriental, woody, or gourmand scents, the Tonka bean’s luxurious scent profile enhances and harmonises other ingredients, making it a beloved element in the fragrance world. Its timeless appeal continues to captivate both perfumers and fragrance lovers alike. ORIGINS AND HARVESTING The Tonka bean is the seed of the Dipteryx odorata tree, commonly known as the coumarou, which can reach impressive heights of up to 30 meters. Native to Venezuela, northern Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Guyana, this majestic tree produces fruit that matures in the winter. The name "Tonka" is derived from the indigenous languages of Guyana and Brazil, meaning "fruit." In South American cultures, the Tonka bean symbolises luck and happiness and is believed to possess protective and beneficial powers. Each mature Tonka tree yields about 15 kilograms of beans annually. Once the fruit naturally falls to the ground, it is sun-dried before being peeled to extract the seeds. These seeds are then macerated in alcohol for 24 hours, which facilitates the development of their distinctive fragrance. As they dry, the seeds turn black and develop coumarin crystals, the primary odorant molecule responsible for the Tonka bean’s aromatic profile. THE SCENT PROFILE The Tonka bean’s fragrance is dominated by coumarin, which imparts a rich, almondy, and gourmand scent. This note is highly sought after in perfumery for its sweet, delicious quality reminiscent of vanilla and tobacco. The Tonka bean’s unique scent profile also includes hints of gingerbread, hay, and amber, creating a multifaceted aroma that is both warm and inviting. In addition to its role in perfumery, Tonka bean is also used in cooking to enhance desserts like crème brûlée, ice cream, and cakes. When grated, it adds a sweet, aromatic complexity that elevates these treats. HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE The Tonka bean’s journey into the world of fragrances began in the tobacco industry before making its mark in perfumery. Its unique aromatic qualities were soon recognised, leading to its adoption by renowned fragrance houses. P A R F U M P L U S 13